MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC CONVECTIVE DARCY–FORCHHEIMER FLOW OF A PENTA-HYBRID NANOFLUID IN A VERTICAL CHANNEL IN THE PRESENCE OF THERMAL RADIATION

Abstract

Nanofluids, i.e., commercial fluids in which nanoparticles are dispersed, have attracted the attention of many researchers for use in efficient thermal management systems. This study considers fluid in which five different types of nanoparticles are dispersed, known as a penta-hybrid nanofluid. Darcy–Forchheimer flow in a vertical channel with walls at different constant temperatures is investigated. A homogeneous magnetic field acts perpendicular to the channel walls and thermal radiation is also present. The differential equations describing this flow were solved using the homotopy perturbation method. Relations for the dimensionless fluid velocity, dimensionless temperature, shear stresses and Nusselt numbers at the channel walls were determined as functions of the characteristic parameters introduced for this problem, as well as the physical properties of the base fluid and nanoparticles. For specific parameter values, the dimensionless velocity and temperature distributions are presented in the form of graphs, while the shear stresses and Nusselt numbers are given in a table. The results obtained were discussed and corresponding conclusions were drawn.